Country Risk Analysis - Peru Essay Example for Free

Country Risk Analysis Peru EssaySWOT analysisStrengthsPeru is a country blessed with natural resources. In 2010 its exports reached twain(prenominal) 23 billion GBP, which was mainly made out of minerals, petroleum and agricultural products. Its mining industry is the largest in Latin America, accounting for 7,7 billion GBP of its total exports in 2010. The climate is also favourable for agriculture, representing 13% of gross domestic product, and employing 30% of the population. In addition, sites like Machu Picchu, Cuscu and Sacsayhuaman make Peru a popular tourist desti democracy for millions of people every year. WeaknessesAlthough an profit when the business climate is favourable, Perus heavy dependence upon natural resources and agriculture can prove to be an Achilles heel. Volatile commodity prices and low productivity and unconnected land ownership in agriculture makes the economy susceptible to economic fluctuations. Whats more the country lacks vital infrastructure such as ut just about quality roadways, bridges and flight routes. And as with so many other Latin American countries, high unemployment* threatens the economic and political stability, which in turn affects investor confidence.* scorn a fairly low unemployment rate of 7,9%, the underemployment rate is above 40%, which causes similar effects.OpportunitiesIn the period between 2000 and 2005 the number of visiting tourists to Peru doubled, and the figure has bragging(a) by approximately 11% annually, a trend that is expected to continue. Enforcing the rise in tourism is the announcement that there will be eight yen weekends in Peru in 2012, generating some 500 million GBP in extra tourism revenue this year. In 2005, the US and Peru signed a free profession agreement enabling a non-barrier trading relationship between the two countries, which is a huge opportunity as the U.S accounts for 16.3% of Perus exports, and 19.5% of its imports annually.ThreatsAlmost 50% of Perus population is poor. This is mainly caused by the extraction industry, where people are oppressed in mining villages and remote communities. Income distribution is extremely skewed, as the richest 10% controls 35.4% of the wealth, and the poorest 10% only control 1.6%.PESTLE analysisPoliticalPeru is a quite democratic country, after the election of Fernando Belande in 1980. However the political environment has been hard at best, with several attempts on overthrowing the government, last in October 2000. Alan Garcia, the same man who ran the country into the ditch with four-figure inflation rates in the 1990s, has in his second overshadow as president (2006-2011) witnessed an amazing economic recovery and process. Corruption has long been a big problem in Peru, but counteraction was taken in February of 2010 when a dedicated commission was created to deal with the problem, which is especially brought on by the drug cartels. Peru also has a durable relationship with most of its neighbour co untries, although their on-going border conflict with Chile keeps that relationship tense.EconomicalThe economic environment in Peru has gone from hyperinflation (1991) to deflation (2002) to what appears to be stable growth since 2006. Being an exporting nation they where hit hard by the financial crisis, but kept the growth figure above 0, unlike many other Latin American countries. It regained GDP growth of 8.8% in 2010. In 2011 the credit rating agency Standard Poor raised Perus credit rating from BBB- to BBB. In general, Peru has one of the most prosperous economies in Latin America, having tripled in size in the past 11 years. In addition of being a member of the WTO, they also corroborate a non-tariff trade agreement with the US, which has proven most advantageous as the US represents some 30% of both imports and exports. It is worth mentioning that Perus economic growth is very much aided by growth in private investment of 13% annually. This is acknowledged by the governm ent, and has led to minor barriers to entry for inappropriate firms.SocialSince the early 21th century the conditions for Peruvians has improved in many measures. Life expectancy has increased by 4 years to 73 since 2004, and the literacy rate is stable at 90%. However, there is a big split between the rural areas and big cities such as Lima, with 8.5 million people. While people in the cities are lifted out of poverty due to the economic growth, the people living in the rural areas are subject to underemployment and bad infrastructure. The main manner of speaking used is Spanish. Although some speak Quechua or Aymara, these are mainly spoken by people living in the Andes Mountains.TechnologicalPeru is known for its substantial bureaucracy and inefficiency, much of which is due to its low amount of technology available. However, more and more people now possess a mobile phone, and Internet usage is increase steadily. This said these number should be growing as only 10% owns a per sonal computer, and there are only 3,7 internet subscriptions per 100 people. (http//devdata.worldbank.org/ict/per_ict.pdf) juristicAlthough the legal system in Peru appears to lack both independence and efficiency, it has been severely altered to attract foreign investors and aid business. Through removing the requirement for small enterprises to unsex start-up capital in a bank before registration they have made it easier to start a business, and investors are protected through a upstart law that allows minority shareholders to request access to non-confidential corporate documents. The tax-system has been made electronic, which not only makes it work more efficient, it also makes taxing a lot easier for both parts. It is also legislated that eight-hour days and 48-hour weeks are the maximum working hours, with a minimum wage of $128 a month.EnvironmentalIn August 2010 Peru obtained the Third Programmatic Environmental phylogeny Policy Loan. This money is dedicated to strengthe n environmental governance, including regulation enforcement, and mainstreaming of environmental sustainability in the mining, fisheries, urban transport and energy sectors. The funds will also be used to improve parts of the health sector, especially for those exposed to health risks from environmental degradation. This illustrates Perus awareness and concern about the environmental issues and their ability to apportion them in a way that draws the World Banks attention.

Torture Definition Essay Example for Free

frustrate Definition EssayAccording to David Luban, Torture used to be incompatible with American values. Our Bill of Rights forbids cruel and unusual punishmentAmericans and our administration have historically condemned states that (practice) torture we have granted asylum or refuge to those who fear it (Luban, 1425). But after 9/11, the American public was divided up over the issue of the torture of prisoners of war or civilians suspected of being involved in terrorist activities. The torture debate intensified with the emergence of media exposes regarding the inhumane discussion of prisoners in US military jails such as Guantanamo (2002) and Abu Ghraib (2004). Indeed, is torture justifiable if it was committed by the country that prides itself as the worlds bastion of democracy and human rights? The 1984 joined Nations Convention against Torture (UNCAT) provided the following definitions of tortureAny act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession (Garcia, 5)Punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any causal agent based on discrimination of any kind (Garcia, 5)When such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the take over or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does non include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions (Garcia, 5). Torture reinforces the notion that slaves should be subjugated completely (Luban, 1432). Hence, when a person is tortured, he or she is transformed into a slave an isolated, overwhelmed, terrorized and humiliated individual, stripped of any semblance of hauteur (Luban, 1432). It is from the dynamics of the master-slave relationship that David Lu ban (2005) based the five aims of torture higher-ups Pleasure In his article Liberalism, Torture and the tick Time Bomb (2005), Luban argued that the predominant setting for torture has always been military victory (Luban, 1432). Torture, therefore, is the torturers way of relieving military victory and establishing his superiority over the faction he defeated (Luban, 1432).Terror Dictators such as Adolf Hitler, Augusto Pinochet and Saddam Hussein tortured their policy-making prisoners to warn pack that anyone who play offd them will share the same fate. Terror can easily subdue a population than the idea that dissidents will be dealt with humanely upon capture.Punishment Until the last two centuries, roughshod offences were punishable with torture (Luban, 1433). But as society became increasingly industrialized (and adopted well-favoured polities in the puzzle out), the concept of torture as a form of criminal punishment was discarded. The French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault explained that this was so because torture was a ritual of royal ascendence and royal revenge, acted out in public spectacle to shock and awe the multitude (Luban, 1434). In a liberal democracy, where there is emphasis on popular sovereignty, it is the people who decide how criminals should be penalized. Hence, the concept of using torture to impress the majority became pointless.Extracting Confessions Before the advent of liberalism, legal rules required either multiple eyewitnesses or confessions for criminal convictions (Luban, 1435). Torture was necessary to achieve these two (Luban, 1435). But in a liberal society, a guilty verdict can be derived from different kinds of severalise that are proven to be credible, instead of just relying on a confession. Hence, torture was no longer needed to secure a conviction.Intelligence host Luban defined this aim as the only one rationale for torture that might conceivably be acceptable to a liberal (Luban, 1436). Howe ver, this motive is tremendous as it rationalizes an act that is strictly prohibited in every global human rights agreement (Geneva Convention, UNCAT, Rome Statute, etc.). For Luban, the liberals banned torture because it is the microcosm of a tyranny (Luban, 1430). Torture is an integral component of all the evils of an absolutist rule military conquest, regal punishment, dictatorial terror, forced confessions and the repression of dissident belief (Luban, 1438). Torture victims are isolated and reduce instead of engaged and enlarged, terrified instead of active, humiliated instead of dignified, in sharp contrast to the liberals idea of all human beings bearing an innate dignity regardless of race, creed or social status (Luban, 1433). Furthermore, torture is the starkest manifestation of a tyrannical leader one who takes pleasure in degrading those who oppose his rule (Luban, 1433). But what if torture was used to supposedly obtain information that will deter future terrorist attacks? Luban argued that this was the premise of the liberal ideology of torture (Luban, 1439). The liberal ideology of torture asserts that torture was necessary for intelligence gathering to prevent a catastrophe (Luban, 1439). Furthermore, torture should not be associated with state tyranny because it was prompt by self-defense and not by cruelty (Luban, 1439). Torture became part of the War on Terrorism because the latter operated on the war model, which argued that fallen or captured combatants can be replaced by other combatants (May, 310). Hence, the fate that the captured terrorist will experience while in incarceration can serve as a exemplification to those who will take his place (May, 310). However, this conclusion is based on the premise that the captured terrorist has already been proven to be a real terrorist. What if the torture victim was not a terrorist, but someone who was just suspected to be a terrorist? Under the guises of intelligence gathering and prevent ing terrorism, the suspected terrorists rights to life, counsel and due process were violated. Torture defeats terrorism at the expense of civil liberties. To make matters worse, the Bush administration wants to make it appear that the United States is exempted from every international law governing human rights. William T. Cavanaugh (2005) elaboratesMany would appeal to what has been called American exceptionalism, the idea that the U.S. is different from other nations and may be held to a higher standardWhat we need is a bluff recognition that America is not different. Approval of torture at the highest levels of government puts the U.S. in the same category as Chile under Pinochet, France in Algeria, Myanmar, Israel, Saudi Arabia and dozens of other countries today. Amnestys annual reports make clear that disregard of human rights in the name of national security is common (Cavanaugh, n. pag.)Indeed, Luban was right when he wrote in Liberalism, The liberal ideology of torture, which assumes that torture can be neatly confined to exceptional ticking-bomb cases and surgically severed from cruelty and tyranny, represents a dangerous delusion (Luban, 1461).ReferencesAllhoff, F. (2005). philosophical system 9/11 Thinking about the War on Terrorism. Illinois Open Court.BNET. (2005, January 25). Taking Exception When Torture Becomes Thinkable. RetrievedJanuary 27, 2008, from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_2_122/ai_n9505722Garcia, M.J. (2007). U.N. Convention against Torture (CAT) Overview and Application to interrogatory Techniques. Washington, D.C. Congressional Research Service.Human Rights Watch. (2005, January 7). Abu Ghraib, Darfur Call for Prosecutions. Retrieved January 25, 2008, from http//hrw.org/english/docs/2005/01/07/global9968.htmHuman Rights Watch. (2005, January 5). US Mark Five Years of Guantanamo by Closing It.Retrieved January 25, 2008, from http//hrw.org/english/docs/2007/01/05/usdom14974.htmLuban, D. (2005). Liberalism, Tortur e and the Ticking Time Bomb. Virginia Law Review, 19, 1425-1461.May, L. (2007). War Crimes and Just War. Cambridge Cambridge UP.

Literature Review on Customer Relationship Essay Example for Free

Literature Review on Customer family EssayThe hospitality diligence is a broad category of fields within the service industry that includes lodging, restaurants, event planning, theme parks, transportation, cruise line, and additional fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry is a several billion dollar industry that mostly depends on the availability of leisure time and disposable income. CRM, or Customer Relationship Management, is one of the most important topics in the business world. Its attributes and consequences cannot be disaffirmed. Without proper customer relationship prudence, there is no way you can build fill and acquire and retain customers to the business, in order to be profitable. CRM features an embryonic reputation and it is getting among the most popular educational as well as utile subjects in the industrial area.Due to the competing atmosphere, it has turn into a niche with regard to a companys overall performance. Still there is ce rtainly restrict investigation which shows the relationship between CRM and hotels overall performance. Consequently this particular research is a try to give a worth conceptual model which describes the certain speculative linkages between CRM and hotels performance. This particular research just not explains the connection among CRM and hotel performance, but in addition describes the actual mediation part of promoting/ marketing abilities in the relationship. CRM is never done, it is an ongoing effort.The essence of a customer-foc rehearsed environment is a preliminary indication of how the hotel industry can truly benefit from a strategical and focused approach to CRM. Hotel companies have in evidence had recourse to elements of CRM for a variety of strategic and tactical reasons. It is argued that the success of a strategy depends not alone on the ability of a company to identify and understand what its target customers genuinely need and want, but alike on the companys ab ility to deliver heighten value in terms of these specific needs and wants (Diana Luck and Geoff Lancaster ,2013). In order to remain competitive, hospitality and tourism companies moldiness adopt the knowledge management approach (Ruhanen Cooper, 2004). As customers vex more experienced at finding the best deals for hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, and tourist destinations, the hospitality and tourism organizations face increasingly big worldwide competition.Consideringthe severe competition and the nature of the industry, employees and managers have to acquire more knowledge, in order to consistently provide the best deals and service to customers. What is more, customers preferences can be various and changeable, requiring employees and managers to understand the changes and abide to provide the best experience (Hallin Marnburg, 2008). However, the question often posed is What kind of knowledge should be obtained in order to take a shit competitive advantage (Ruhanen Cooper, 2004).One of the basic and most common sources of failure for CRM implementations is a missing customer strategy as the creation of a comical and valuable position involving a different set of activities. A robust customer strategy is based on customer segmentation is one of the prototypal steps necessary when implementing a sound CRM solution (Gillies et al.2002). Human beings have had the urge to select and choose what to them can satisfy their desires since creation and will continue to have this desire because of their changing nature. This tendency makes them explore what to them is the best in terms of quality when purchasing, especially in the area of service consumption.This is supported by Palmers assertion that customers have always been concerned about quality and that the proliferation of competitive market for a lot of services has also made customers become more selective in the services they choose. This attitude means that service providers must be innovat ive in their service provision and delivery. The Hotel patience is also experiencing profitd globalization, competition, higher customer turnover, growing customer acquisition costs and rising customer expectations, meaning that hotels performance and competitiveness is significantly bloodsucking on their ability to satisfy customers efficiently and effectively.To nurture profitability and guest loyalty, hotels must nowadays focus on implementing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategies/techniques that bewilder to seek, gather and store the right information, validate and share it throughout the entire organization and then use it throughout all organizational levels for creating personalized and quaint guests experiences (Nana Yaw Asabere and Vida Doku, IJAIEM, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2013).To retain customers, the relationship with customers has to be managed in a long-term and trusting manner for mutual benefits. Thus, the adoption of CRM should enhance the hotels performance through increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty, declining customer acquisition costs and increasing profitability by customers who are willing to pay a premium for better services (Piccoli et al., 2003). Although CRM is imperative for organizational survival, its implementation has resulted in mixed outcomes (King and Burgess, 2008), which is customer oriented believing that customer loyalty increases organizations profitability. Therefore, Performance is improved since CRM involves the ongoing process development of market intelligence for building and maintaining a profit-maximizing portfolio of customer relationship (see Zablah et al., 2004).Thus, the hotels are expected to use strategy that focused on customers in order to sustain their competitive advantage. For these hotels, the use of the financial measures is not only short-term oriented but also inadequate to capture the customer perspective of performance (Kaplan and Norton, 1996). Customer-related perfo rmance measures are therefore needed to quantify customer relationships (Shoemaker and Lewis, 1999) and to differentiate customers who are worthy of the CRM efforts (Noone et al., 2003). altogether participating hotels have practices in place to manage customer relationships. The most commonly cited goal for CRM is guest retention. Evaluation and control are perceived as very important activities not only to create value for the customers, but also to track the performance of the guest contact departments and the customers evaluations of the hotel/restaurant experiences (Ada S. Lo, Hong Kong, 2010).Freeland (2002) suggests that organization must address four critical strategies and understand the key interplay with them* Identifying the customer* Selecting the most appropriate channel to reach the customer* Receiving the effects on the brands value* ascertain the most appropriate CRM capabilities (Wolfgang Emperger,2004)The use of a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) applicatio n to create a business strategy is an excellent way to increase customer loyalty and customer retention. By personalizing a customers stay, a hotel can ensure that customers will come back again and again simply by remembering their favorite beverage, pillow or other preferred amenity (Nick Nikolis, Article Source http//EzineArticles.com/2066799).

Stages of Child Development and Strategies Involving Them

St develops of Child Development and Strategies Involving ThemIntroductionIn this assignment I go forth render a definition of complaisant and stirred up teaching while overly explaining each individually. I exit give a brief account of physical, cognitive, row and creative development and how they holistically combine for good overall development. I give an account of the social and unrestrained development of baberen form the ages 3-5. Then I will outline the different stages proposed by at least two theorists. I will give examples of strategies used to promote social and delirious development. To finish up I will make reference to the environmental, social and new(prenominal) f dallyors that may affect such development and victimizeing.Correct Definition of social and activated developmentSocial-emotional development includes the minors fuck off, expression, and management of emotions and the ability to establish positive and rewarding relationships with archeo zoic(a)s (Cohen and others 2005). It encompasses both intra- and interpersonal processes.In my opinion social and emotional development starts from bloodline and is apt(p) to the chid by the childs nurtures or primary care giver. It is essential that the care given at this age is positive and loving as this earlier age is where we as adults leave the imprint on the child that stays with them for t ace.Emotional development directly links to the childs intrapersonal skills by where they bring out a lot about themselves like how they feel and then how they use or control their emotions within certain situations. By taking turns, having manners, being sure of their own emotions and feelings and having patience which all contributes to good emotional development.Social development directly links to a childs interpersonal skills where children interact with other people in a good and mannerly way by always trying to understand other peoples point of view, by plowing problems and coming to few sort of compromise to solve problems. Children develop good social skills by dint of understanding a situation and voicing their opinion quite an than letting their emotions take over.Describe how the development area relates to the holistic developmentPhysical, cognitive, language and creative development all interlink and become increasingly dependent in the first few years of life story to give the child a good holistic development. If one development stage is weak it broadly leads to the child struggling on the other areas of development to. Lev Vygotsky says Thought and language become increasingly interdependent in the first few years of life (prezi.com 2015)Physical developmentA child who has good social and emotional development will be a very outgoing child whose smashing at playing and will hasten great confidence to take part in all activities that arise and may even take on the role of the leader in certain activities. On the other hand a child who lacks in good social and emotional development will shy away from such activities and therefore may be left out of activities due to the lack of confidence.Cognitive developmentGood social and emotional development within a child allows them to have confidence to ask questions about situations they may not understand, in asking these questions they will get the assist and answers they need which helps them understand and store the information they more accurately to a child that has no confidence to ask questions and therefore these children wont deprivation to draw attention to themselves therefore leaving them lacking within the cognitive development area.Language developmentA child who has good social and emotional development will have good speech and will have no problem in interacting or conversing with other people and will be more accurate with the use of their vocabulary. If a child has speech issues they will lack in confidence causing them to shy away from vocally inter acting with other people and may also cause them to be a target to bullying and isolation.Creative developmentA child with good social and emotional development will be very self-assured and confident leading them to having a great predilection and whim is the key to a childs creativity. This child will not be afraid to make suggestions or make up little role plays in their head .A child who lacks in creative development will be shy and may need encouragement to help them to be creative and will always rely on other people for direction.Stages of social and emotional development correctly described for a preschool chidQuality afterschool programs provide safe, engaging and fun learning experiences to help children and callowness develop their social, emotional, physical, cultural and academic skills.Debbie Stabenow3 Years ancientAt this age children have developed both emotional and social skills which allow them to be more happy and content as they now dont need a familiar face to feel secure as they have gained a certain amount of control through their actions, thoughts and the use of language. They are more aware of the situations around them leading them to share and take turns and to also destine affection.4 Years OldAt this age children tend to question a lot of things like their own actions and the actions of others and are incessantly asking how things motion its like they suddenly become aware of their surroundings. They are capable of socially making friends and interacting with their friends in large groups. At this age they also learn feelings and emotions like being hurt, let down or by having a fear and by then in turn turning to a parent for comfort or reassurance. Also at this age children are normally very confident and have a lot of self-belief.5 Years OldAt the age of 5 children tend to be very socially outgoing which leads them to loving clipping away from their parents through school or through being involved in social activities e .g Hurling, football, dancing or drama. They love to play with their friends and even enjoy a bit of competiveness especially if they win, in which flake they will show signs of being proud and even show signs of boasting. They are very much in tune with their feelings and now know the feeling of happiness, unhappiness and even have the moxie of shame and hurt.Stages of social and emotional development proposed and supported by at least two theoristsTrust vs mistrust occurs from birth up to 2 years of age by where a child even at his young age acknowledges the type of care that they are given. If the child is well looked after and loved this gives them a sense of trust and where a child is neglected gives them a sense of mistrust as suggested by theorist Eirk Erikson who says if a child feels successful trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world.(child development booklet) Erik Erikson also believes if you mistrust from this early age it will stay with you in your la ter years causing it very hard for you to trust anyone due to your previous experiences.Relationships occur in children from the age of five upwards where children are now socially aware of their environment and can now socially interact with their peers. At this age they are constantly looking for approval from adults as well as their peers. Children form a very strong bond with their parents as suggested by theorist Sigmund Freud.Shame is a big factor in childrens development especially in their first big occasion where they have to do something for themselves. bingle example where children experience their first sense of shame is through potty training. If children have a bad experience through potty training Erik Erikson believes this stays with them throughout their life and therefore when they dont achieve their goals in later years it brings them back to their early years of failure and that sense of shame.Four strategies to promote social and emotional development listed an d explainedTaking turns and responsibilities by putting on a play while getting the children to come up with and choose the roles and responsibilities encourages them to interact and discuss with each other through the organising of these roles. This also encourages them to take turn and share out the responsibilities along with using the skill of dressing themselves and also gets them to use their imagination through the creative play.Teamwork and relationships by organising a sports day for the children encourages and teaches them the value of good healthy competition and how to control their emotions if they lose at a certain use or on the other hand show pride in the achievement in winning. Through certain activities children learn to compete individually and also as part of a team allowing them to encourage each other and form good relationships with each other.Emotions and imagination using square cards or paper and draw feelings on faces e.g happy face, sad face, etc. Then i n turn get the children to pick up a card and act out the feeling on the card through facial expressions. This helps the children understand feelings, emotions and empathy through a fun game.Language and vocabulary by doing circle time and letting the children share a story with the group promotes their self-esteem and confidence to talk within a group. It also promotes the use of their language, vocabulary and even imagination through the telling of their story.Reference to environmental, social or other factors that may affect the learning and development of a childEnvironmental One environmental factor that may affect a childs learning and development would be where a child grows up. E.G If there is a stigma to the land where a child raised by where its known as a disadvantaged or poor area this can lead child to feel they will never amount to anything due to the amount of negativity surrounding that area.On the other hand this type of negativity really spurs some children on to achieve the goals they want and gives them inspiration to do better for themselves and map out a better life for themselves and for their potential future children.Cultural Factors One big culture that raises a lot of questions is the Jehovah Witnesses due to their beliefs they dont celebrate a lot of big calendar days that close to religions do e.g Christmas, birthdays, etc. Therefore when these occasions arise it often leads to isolation of the child and this can have many negative effects on a child themselves through their own feelings of been left out and can also lead to other children socially out casting the child because if their beliefs.Social Factors Family is one of the biggest contributing factors from the social view of learning and development within a child. For instance if you were raised within a big family who had a good sense of family spirit it is believed that you may be more confident as you would have been surrounded with lots of people from the start and t hese people will have cheered you on, helped you when you settle and thought you all of your traits that you will carry for a lifetime.ConclusionIn this assignment I have given a definition of social and emotional development, described the development areas and how they work on a holistic level. I have outlined the stages of social and emotional development from the ages of 3-5. Proposed stages supported by two theorists. I have given four examples of strategies used to promote social and emotional development and have made a reference to environmental, social or other factors that may affect such development and learning.Bibliographyothers, c. a., 2005. www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itf09socemodev.asp. Online Available at www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/itf09socemodev.asp Accessed 24 june 2015.toys, p. h., 2015. playhivetoys.com.au. Online Available at http//www.playhivetoys.com.au/ Accessed 30 06 2015.toys, p. h., 2015. www.playhivetoys.com.au. Online Available at http//www.playhivetoys.com.a u/ Accessed 30 june 2015.Training, C., 2015. child developmetn booklet. In s.l.Creative Training .Prezi.com(2015)lev vygotsky, avalibale online to view at www.prezi.com on 02/07/2015www.brainyquote.com

Developing a Workplace Health Surveillance System

Developing a Workplace Health Surveillance SystemTitle A) Identify and specify a capable rise upness supervision syllabus for a generic wine wine wine wine mill which contains both an engineering work crop and a woodwork shop. b) Suggest the persona of abbreviation, which could be carried out by the occupational hygienist and those which would rely on an occupational atomic number 101. c) What are the benefits and limitations of wellness surveillance in the workplace?The health surveillance political platform selected for a generic factory containing an engineering store and a woodworking shop is one that coins into account all the potential risks for the factory employees as vigorous as the possibility of factory accidents causing aggrieve to the local environment. Generally the companies that own generic factories, which contain both engineering shop classs and woodworking shops are similar either separate factories in that they thrust to comply with all the relevant Health and Safety as well as environmental safeguard legislation, procedures, and as well as statutory regulations. These legal frameworks and structures are introduced by the British government and alike in some cases by the European Union, and have to be implemented.1In early(a) words all the owners of factories and workplaces need to offspring into full account environmental non to mention health and guard duty issues that could leave their premises shutdown overdue to accidents, or outbreaks of illness and other environmental as well as health considerations.2That is when suitable health surveillance curriculums come into the equation for businesses and factory owners as these schemes are intended to prevent environmental damage as well as breeches in workplace health and safe regulations.3 The concept of the health surveillance programme was basically developed to assist businesses and musical arrangements in meeting legal requirements. Essentially ensur ing that all the industrial and retail workplaces or premises that they make use of to produce goods and deliver services strictly adhere to all the relevant environmental tribute bills as well as health and safety regulations and procedures.4A generic factory, which contains an engineering workshop and a woodworking shop, should certainly not be the exception to the rule in relation to operating a suitable health surveillance programme. In order to ensure full compliance to environmental regulations as well as health and safety procedures businesses and organisations should frequently round and even alter the health surveillance programme in operation upon their premises, factories, and workplaces. The health surveillance programmes ideally need to reflect the nature of their business trading operations as well as the size and suitability of the premises they actually use. In any case the actual level of health and safety standards as well as environmental egis measures adher ed to will have already been set through legislation, procedures, and also regulations. In many respects the setting up of an health surveillance programme is a grittyly convenient framework for the co-ordinating of all the organisations efforts to meet its legally set health and safety standards as well as environmental protection measures.5Arguably the businesses and organisations that operate any generic factory, which contain an engineering workshop and a woodworking shop should be amply aware of the need for a suitablehealth surveillance programme for their respective premises. Furthermore due to the actual and also the potential environmental as well as health and safety risks at such a generic factory, which contains an engineering workshop and woodworking shop high standards need to be r individuallyed.6 Therefore the businesses and also the organisations that own generic factories should certainly consider stringent health surveillance programme for their premises. For if such a programme was too relaxed it would pose the risk of being ineffective due to employers and businesses could potentially fail to fully comply with health and safety standards alongside environmental protection measures mandatory under all relevant legislation, procedures, and statutory regulations.7To a very large extent stringent measures would arguably be the most effective anyways being the most suitable basis for a health surveillance programme at any generic factory. In this case a generic factory, which contains an engineering workshop and a woodworking shop as these facilities put employees at a commodious risk of serious industrial injuries and also ikon to potentially dangerous equipment and materials.8 The employers and businesses in charge of the generic factory should be fully aware and also able to understand their legal obligations as an organisation to their employees, and also to the environment as well. The employers and businesses responsible for establi shing the health surveillance programme for the generic factory would take the health and safety standards as well as environmental protection measures fully into account when setting the targets to be achieved over all. After all failure to reach such standards and enforce environmental protection measure could result in prosecutions if they are caught by health and safety, or hence environmental inspection teams failing to reach legal standards.9The suitable health surveillance programme developed and implemented at any generic factory containing an engineering workshop and a woodworking shop would also take into account and measure the environmental consequences or impact of the factory and its completed products and delivered goods. Normally it would be sound practice to use the legally defined targets for environmental protection measures as set out in British legislation, as well as procedures, and regulations, some of which originate from the European Union. Therefore the em ployers and businesses that are the operators of generic factories, which contain an engineering workshop and a woodworking shop would find health surveillance programme unhelpful. Especially the general ones used in warehouses and retail units as simply unsuitable because their premises are more unsuitable because their premises are more likely to have equipment or indeed macerate by products that pose a health and safety threat to their respective workforces.10 Depending upon what is actually produced in generic factories the industrial processes used in engineering workshop and a woodworking shop will produce chemically or physically hazardous waste by products. The workers of generic factories, which contain engineering workshop and a woodworking shop, could reasonably expect to have to endure fluctuations in temperatures, gas emissions or fumes, not to mention the potential for the spillage of harmful substances.11The greater the potential health and safety risk the more strin gent the health surveillance programme to be put into affect should be. Besides monitoring the health and safety levels of machinery and equipment the health surveillance programme put into place should ensure that all waste by products are disposed of responsibly, as well as having all areas cleaned on a regular basis.12 When draftsmanship up a suitable health surveillance programme it could also be sensible to take the age as well as the construction of each generic factory into account as some buildings could be more dangerous than others are. For instance, sr. premises might have to be vigorously checked for asbestos. If the generic factory has an engineering workshop that produces chemical reactions, as well as ototoxic waste products then the health surveillance programme would only be suitable if procedures for the monitoring of and disposal of chemicals are included. Finally to be effective any suitable health surveillance programme would entail that occupational hygienis t and also reliance upon an occupational physician routinely monitored the generic factory.13Ideally when monitoring and inspecting the generic factories the occupational hygienist and op would use the most efficient types of analysis available to ensure the health surveillance programme is fully adhered to. For the occupational hygienist and op it would be very reusable for the business and organisation in charge of the generic factory to provide detailed accounts of what is produced and used within the engineering workshop and a woodworking shop.14The occupational hygienist would need to have a very sound knowledge of the chemicals, waste by products and emissions that could potentially pose a threat to the workers at the generic factory as well as the environment of the surrounding area.15To keep the generic factory containing an engineering workshop and a woodworking shop for workers and the environment the occupational hygienist needs to have all the latest information regardi ng chemical, as well as organic threats. To allow the health surveillance programme to succeed in protecting both the environment and workers the occupational hygienist need to analyse the cleanliness of the generic factory in general and the production areas in particular. The failure to clean the generic factory properly could increase the chances of environmental pollution not to mention raising the risk of unsafe working conditions within the engineering workshop and also a woodworking shop taken as a whole. It is recommended that the oh use a comprehensive system to analyse the waste by products, emissions and discharged peeing to check for pollutants and bacteria that would contaminate the local environment.16It should also be remembered that a lack of hygiene standards and good practices can increase or allow the give out of infections or illnesses through businesses and workplaces with the generic factory being just as prone as any other factory to such bouts of sickness. In the generic factory unhealthy hygiene standards have the capacity given certain conditions to severely restrict the availability as well as the capacity of workers to press out out their normal workplace functions and job roles. Of course some conditions and illnesses that started in the generic factory could spread other people and even animals causing damage to the environment.17In many respects the occasion of an occupational physician would involve having to fulfil a very similar task to that of the occupational hygienist, in other words to help protect the local environment, as well as the health and safety of the workers of the generic factory. The objective in that respectfore of an occupational physician is to have the responsibility of checking that all of the machinery as well as the materials used in the generic factory, which contains an engineering workshop and a woodworking shop will not pollute the environment of the surrounding area.18As with the occupational h ygienist the occupational physician should carry out frequent checks of the equipment, machinery, materials, and waste by products to ensure an accurate analysis of the environmental impact that the generic factory is actually having. An analysis that allows the person taking on the role of an occupational physician to quickly and accurately measure the effectiveness and the environmental impact of all relevant equipment and materials would be very useful.19 Measuring the impact that the generic factory has upon the environment will demonstrate whether or not the health surveillance programme is fit for purpose in reducing pollution as well as protecting the health and safety of the generic factorys workers.20The generic factory will cause little pollution if its owners use sustainable materials besides using energy and peeing efficient equipment to make its finished goods. The occupational physician can check the sustainability of all the materials used by verifying were they com e from before reaching the generic factory.21 The equipment or at least the newer machinery within the generic factory should be energy and water efficient to comply with environmental protection procedures and regulations. The occupational physician will also provide the capability to suggest improvements to the materials and equipment used in the generic factory so that it reduces its impact upon the environment and improves health and safety in line with its health surveillance programme.22Therefore to be effective in supporting the health surveillance programme the occupational physician should have figures about(predicate) when equipment, materials, as well as machinery fully comply with the health and safety standards as well as environmental protection measures laid down by the law. Also when items within the generic factory fail to meet the health and safety standards plus the environmental protection measures then the occupational physician should be able to suggest improv ements and updates to equipment, materials, and also machinery. The occupational physician are thus having to decide whether or not to analyse if the owners are in fact sincerely interested in meeting health and safety standards as well as environmental protection measures via its health surveillance programme.23There are arguably benefits to the use of health surveillance programme in the workplace. Firstly by using the framework of an health surveillance programme there is a great deal of scope for improving health and safety at the workplace. The drawing up of a health surveillance programme has the ability to make employers, employees and look at unions concentrate upon improving health and safety practices and also procedures at the workplace. By identifying areas of concern the introduction of health surveillance programme means that employers, employees and trade unions co-operate with each other to make workplaces safe. It should be briefly mentioned that trade unions usua lly have strong interests in protecting the health and safety of their membership within workplaces in particular those that could be dangerous facilities or premises that will be made safer.24Another benefit of introducing health surveillance programmes into workplaces is that these programmes can improve the environmental sustainability of industrial and retail premises. When health surveillance programmes are introduced it provides opportunities for equipment and materials that increase sustainable development, as well as improving health and safety standards. The new machinery and more sustainable materials potentially reduce the health and safety risks from emissions and toxic waste by products.25 In theory, at least environmentally cleaner workplaces should mean that workers suffer less from illnesses linked to the pollution caused by production processes. For instance reducing airborne pollutants should lower the occurrence of asthma in both the workplace as well as in the s urrounding areas. Arguably cleaner places should also be more attractive premises to work within.26They are limitations to the impact that health surveillance programme introduced into workplaces can have. Employers might publicly adhere to improving health and safety as well as improving environmental sustainability, yet there are limits to how far they will go to do so. Employers and businesses will only implement health surveillance programme if they actually have to do so, or if they believe that there are benefits for them of enacting such programmes.27 Basically employers and businesses would regard health surveillance programme as being useful if it increases the efficiency of their operations.28The other main(prenominal) limitation of using health surveillance programme in the workplace is that the employers and businesses will not want to improve health and safety standards or indeed environmental protection measures.29 Employers and businesses will frequently regard healt h and safety standards as well as environmental protection measures as a legal, procedural, or regulatory necessity rather than a desirable not to mention well-intentioned improvements. For the majority of employers and businesses health and safety standards as well as environmental protection measures under the auspices of their respective health surveillance programme are implemented to avoid breaking the law, plus any subsequent prosecutions for doing so. The drawing up of an health surveillance programme is often a really useful, pragmatic framework for ensuring compliance in full to all relevant pieces of legislation, procedures, and regulations draw up by the British government and with increasing policy input from the European Union.30The drawing up of, and the subsequent operation of health surveillance programmes would be useful if not always unrestrained for employers and businesses. In many respects the employers and businesses have to strictly adhere to health and safe ty standards as well as environmental protection measures in each and every single workplace covered by the scope of such legislation, procedures, and regulations. After all the main purpose of any health surveillance programme is overwhelming to make sure that the employers and businesses covered by this programmes do exactly what they are supposed to do to fully comply with all of the relevant legislation, procedures, and regulations. However at the end of the day, for most employers and businesses want to do nothing more, or nothing less than what they are required to do legally.31Over all the general effectiveness as well as the full extent of the health surveillance programme type of policy framework and implementation can be limited by budgetary constraints affecting the employers and the businesses intending to comply with all relevant legislation, procedures, and statutory regulations. Or to put it in another way the employers and the businesses will seek to introduce the re levant health surveillance programme to them to achieve the meeting of all health and safety standards not to mention the environmental protection procedures to the minimum level of legal acceptability. Employers and businesses will therefore limit their activities in relation to the achievement of the objectives contained within each health surveillance programme to all that they legally have to achieve. Thus from a logical perspective once the minimum legal levels of safety and environmental protection have been achieved the employers and also the businesses involved would only have to change the health surveillance programme on an irregular basis. Basically the health surveillance programme would remain unaltered and would only be amended to reflect any changes to legislation, procedures, and also statutory regulations. After all whenever legislation, procedures, and statutory regulations remain the same as before there is no strong incentive to exceed health and safety standards or indeed environmental protection measures. 32BibliographyHSE COSHH essentials for machining with metalworking fluidsHSE40/2005 Workplace delineation LimitsMiller P, Rossiter P, Nuttal D, Demonstrating the Economic Value of Occupational Health Services1Footnotes1 HSE40/2005 p. 22 Miller, Rossiter, Nuttal, pp. 2-53 HSE, 2004 p. 94 HSE COSHH essentials p.35 HSE40/2005 p. 26 HSE, 2004 p. 97 HSE COSHH essentials p.38 HSE40/2005 p. 29 HSE COSHH essentials p.310 HSE COSHH essentials p.311 HSE, 2004 p. 1512 HSE, 2004 p. 913 HSE COSHH and the woodworking industry, pp 2 414 HSE COSHH essentials p.315 HSE40/2005 p. 216 HSE, 2004 p. 917 HSE COSHH and the woodworking industry, pp 2 418 HSE COSHH and the woodworking industry, pp 2 419 HSE, 2004 p. 920 HSE40/2005 p. 221 Miller, Rossiter, Nuttal, pp. 2-522 HSE COSHH essentials p.323 HSE, 2004 p. 1224 HSE, 2004 p. 1525 HSE COSHH and the woodworking industry, pp 2 426 Miller, Rossiter, Nuttal, pp. 2-527 Miller, Rossiter, Nuttal, pp. 2-52 8 HSE COSHH essentials p.329 HSE40/2005 p. 230 HSE COSHH and the woodworking industry, pp 2 431 HSE, 2004 p. 1832 HSE COSHH essentials p.3

Andy Warhol :: essays research papers

Pop art is a movement that occurred near the end of the 1950s. It was a reaction to the seriousness of Abstract Expressionism. Pop art emphasized contemporary social values, the sprawl of urban life, the vulgar, the superficial, and the flashy. Advertising provided a number of starting points for the subjects. A particular favorite advertisement form that Warhol likes to use was crossing labels. You will see quite a few examples of this in some of his work. (Grolier 1996)Warhol did most of his well-know works in a four year span from 1960 to 1964. He started out by reproducing images such as ridiculous strips on much larger canvases. Some examples of these would be Nancy, Dick Tracy, Superman, and Popeye. He later became much more than interested in reproducing labels of products and some people. This became a standard procedure for Warhol during this period. He later began to make movies and photography. (Coplans pg 47-48)At the beginning of his work, he started out with the mak ing comic strip reproductions. They really shouldnt be considered reproductions because they arent always an extremely accurate portrayal of the product. Some of his pieces such as the thirty-two painting disposition of Campbells Soup Cans, are almost identical to the models he used. While others have a looser quality and are merely starting points on which to begin. (Coplans pg 47)He accomplished the mass amounts of the same subject through many methods. Sometimes he would just paint each of the subjects by hand, one by one. other times he would use stamp molds and silk-screening. The silk-screening process is very similar to that of an intricate and sophisticated stencil. There is a screen made of fine silk or similar material that is made impermeable to all places except that of the area wanted to be colored. This is done photomechanically, a process that makes photographs into silkscreen. The silk-screening process is fairly simple. You move ink or paint into the silk-screen, and then you run a squeegee across it so it goes through the open pores of the screen. You repeat this procedure for each of the change to be used. An advantage to this it that you can used them more than once. To date, silk-screening is the cheapest and most effective means of reproducing many products of it type and quality. (Coplans pg 50) (Crone pg 11)The main focus of serial imagery is redundancy.

Gender Stereotype Essay -- essays papers

Gender Stereotype According to the writers in chapter, Gender Stereotyping And the Media, gender stereotypes are ill to men and women. Gender stereotypes set impossible standards for men and women that lead to unhappiness, loneliness and possibly violence towards themselves. Stereotypes affect relationships between a man and a woman. Moreover, stereotypes order the behavior of boys and girls that lead to violence. Rather than combating gender stereotypes, our society reinforces stereotypes by passing them to the next generation and giving labels and names to the people who do not correct to the stereotypes. Hence, the dichotomy is that our society buys into the stereotypes that reinforce abuse, while tying to remove violence from our society. Traditional female stereotypes rigidly emphasize the belief that women must perform the specialized role that are assigned to them. From a traditional perspective, femininity is characterized by passivity and sumission. (Devor P.169) Feminine characteristics of passivity and submission allow women to best fulfill t...